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Hingham is a town in metropolitan Greater Boston on the South Shore of the U.S. state of Massachusetts in northern Plymouth County. At the 2010 census, the population was 22,157. Hingham is known for its colonial history and location on Boston Harbor. The town was named after Hingham, Norfolk,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Profile for Hingham, Massachusetts, MA )〕 and was first settled by English colonists in 1633. == History == The town of Hingham was dubbed "Bare Cove" by the first colonizing English in 1633, but two years later was incorporated as a town under the name "Hingham".〔〔(''The first settlers of Hingham, Historical Collections: Being a General Collection of Interesting Facts'', John Warner Barber, published by Warren Lazell, Worcester, 1844 )〕 The land on which Hingham was settled was deeded to the English by the Wampanoag sachem Wompatuck in 1655.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.friendsofwompatuck.org/history.htm )〕 The town was within Suffolk County from its founding in 1643 until 1803; and Plymouth County from 1803 to the present. The eastern part of the town split off to become Cohasset in 1770. The town was named for Hingham, a village in the English county of Norfolk, East Anglia, whence most of the first colonists came, including Abraham Lincoln's ancestor Samuel Lincoln (1622–90), his first American ancestor, who came to Massachusetts in 1637. A statue of President Lincoln adorns the area adjacent to downtown Hingham Square. Hingham was born of religious dissent. Many of the original founders were forced to flee their native village in Norfolk with both their vicars, Rev. Peter Hobart and Rev. Robert Peck, when they fell foul of the strict doctrines of Anglican England. Peck was known for what the eminent Norfolk historian Rev. Francis Blomefield called his "violent schismatical spirit". Peck lowered the chancel railing of the church, in accord with Puritan sentiment that the Anglican church of the day was too removed from its parishioners. He also antagonized ecclesiastical authorities with other forbidden practices.〔(''Godly Reformers and Their Opponents in Early Modern England'', Matthew Reynolds, Boyell Press, 2005 )〕〔(Rootsweb details for Robert Peck (c. 1580–1658) )〕 Hobart, born in Hingham, Norfolk, in 1604 and, like Peck, a graduate of Magdalene College, Cambridge, sought shelter from the prevailing discipline of the high church among his fellow Puritans.〔(''History of the Town of Hingham'', Vol. II, Thomas Tracy Bouvé and others, Published by the Town, Hingham, 1893 )〕 The cost to those who emigrated was steep. They "sold their possessions for half their value", noted a contemporary account, "and named the place of their settlement after their natal town". (The cost to the place they left behind was also high: Hingham was forced to petition Parliament for aid, claiming that the departure of its most well-to-do citizens had left it hamstrung.) While most of the early Hingham settlers came from Hingham and other nearby villages in East Anglia, a few Hingham settlers like Anthony Eames came from the West Country of England.〔(''History of the Town of Hingham'', Vol. I, Part I, Thomas Tracy Bouvé and others, published by the Town, Hingham, 1893 )〕 The early settlers of Dorchester, Massachusetts, for instance, had come under the guidance of Rev. John White of Dorchester in Dorset, and some of them (like Eames) later moved to Hingham. Accounts from Hingham's earliest years indicate some friction between the disparate groups, culminating in an 1645 episode involving the town's "trainband", when some Hingham settlers supported Eames, and others supported Bozoan Allen, a prominent early Hingham settler and Hobart ally who came from King's Lynn in Norfolk, East Anglia.〔(''History of New England'', Vol. II, John Gorham Palfrey, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1860 )〕〔(Legal case involving Bozoan Allen and Anthony Eames in 1643 )〕 Prominent East Anglian Puritans like the Hobarts and the Cushings, for instance, were used to holding sway in matters of governance.〔(''Hingham, Massachusetts, 1631–1661: An East Anglian Oligarchy in the New World'', John J. Waters, University of Rochester, Journal of Social History, 1968, JSTOR )〕 Eventually the controversy became so heated that John Winthrop and Thomas Dudley were drawn into the fray; minister Hobart threatened to excommunicate Eames.〔(''John Winthrop: America's Forgotten Founding Father'', Francis J. Bremer, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003. )〕 The bitter trainband controversy dragged on for several years, culminating in stiff fines.〔(''The History of New England from 1630 to 1649'', John Winthrop, James Savage, Vol. II, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Mass., 1853 )〕 Eventually a weary Eames, who was in his mid-fifties when the controversy began and who had served Hingham as first militia captain, a selectman, and Deputy in the General Court, threw in the towel and moved to nearby Marshfield where he again served as Deputy and emerged as a leading citizen, despite his brush with the Hingham powers-that-be. Although the town was incorporated in 1635, the colonists didn't get around to negotiating purchase from the Wampanoag, the Native American tribe in the region, until three decades later. On July 4, 1665, the tribe's chief sachem, Josiah Wompatuck, sold the township to Capt. Joshua Hobart (brother of Rev. Peter Hobart) and Ensign John Thaxter (father of Col. Samuel Thaxter), representatives of Hingham's colonial residents. Having occupied the land for 30 years, the Englishmen presumably felt entitled to a steep discount. The sum promised Josiah Wompatuck for the land encompassing Hingham was to be paid by two Hingham landowners: Lieut. John Smith and Deacon John Leavitt, who had been granted on Hingham's Turkey Hill earlier that year. Now the two men were instructed to deliver payment for their grant to Josiah the chief Sachem. The grant to Smith and Leavitt—who together bought other large tracts from the Native Americans for themselves and their partners—was "on condition that they satisfy all the charge about the purchase of the town's land of Josiah—Indian sagamore, both the principal purchase and all the other charge that hath been about it".〔(A Narrative History of the Town of Cohasset, Massachusetts, Edwin Victor Bigelow, Priscilla L. Collier, Published Under the Auspices of the Committee on Town History, Press of Samuel Usher, Boston, Mass., 1898 )〕 With that payment the matter was considered settled. The third town clerk of Hingham was Daniel Cushing,〔Hingham's early settlers intermarried extensively. Town clerk Daniel Cushing, for instance, was brother-in-law to John Leavitt, founding deacon of Old Ship Church, for whom today's Leavitt Street is named. (They married daughters of Edward Gilman, Sr., who settled in Hingham before moving to Exeter, New Hampshire. The immigrant Edward Gilman's sister Bridget married Edward Lincoln, father of Samuel Lincoln, ancestor of Abraham Lincoln.) Later the Cushing and Leavitt families themselves intermarried—resulting in descendants named both Leavitt Cushing and Cushing Leavitt.〕 who emigrated to Hingham from Hingham, Norfolk, with his father Matthew in 1638.〔(''The Genealogy of the Cushing Family'', Lemuel Cushing, Lovell Printing and Publishing Company, Montreal, 1877 )〕 Cushing's meticulous records of early Hingham enabled subsequent town historians to reconstruct much of early Hingham history as well as that of the early families.〔(''Abraham Lincoln and His Ancestors'', Ida M. Tarbell, Kenneth J. Winkle, University of Nebraska Press, 1997, ISBN 0-8032-9430-1, ISBN 978-0-8032-9430-1 )〕 Cushing was rather unusual in that he included the town's gossip along with the more conventional formal record-keeping.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hingham, Massachusetts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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